LGBTfobia

Akhtar, S., Basile, V., & Patti, V. (2019). A new measure of polarization in the annotation of hate speech. In AI* IA 2019–Advances in Artificial Intelligence: XVIIIth International Conference of the Italian Association for Artificial Intelligence, Rende, Italy, November 19–22, 2019, Proceedings 18 (pp. 588-603). Springer International Publishing.

Akhtar, S., Basile, V., & Patti, V. (2020, October). Modeling annotator perspective and polarized opinions to improve hate speech detection. In Proceedings of the AAAI conference on human computation and crowdsourcing (Vol. 8, pp. 151-154).

Alsagheer, D., Mansourifar, H., & Shi, W. (2022). Counter hate speech in social media: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.03584.

APAV. (2018). Manuale HATE NO MORE: Supporto delle vittime di crimini d’odio. Editorial Associação Portuguesa de Apoio à Vítima (APAV).

Arce-García, S., & Menéndez-Menéndez, M.-I. (2023). Inflaming public debate: A methodology to determine origin and characteristics of hate speech about sexual and gender diversity on Twitter. Profesional de la Informacion, 32(1), e320106. DOI:10.3145/epi.2023.ene.06.

Arcila, C. (2023). Hate crime & hate speech: Inflammatory language’s role in aggressions. Seminar: October 18th 2023, Universitat Pompeu Fabra.

Arcila, C., Amores, J., Sánchez, P. & Blanco, D. (2021).  Using shallow and deep learning to automatically detect hate motivated by gender reasons and sexual orientation on Twitter in Spanish. Multimodal Technologies and Interactions, 5(10), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5100063.

Babakov, N., Logacheva, V., & Panchenko, A. (2022). Beyond plain toxic: detection of inappropriate statements on flammable topics for the Russian language. arXiv preprint arXiv:2203.02392. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2203.02392

Balaji, M. J., & Chinmaya, H. S. (2022). A Study on Sentimental Analysis, Homophobia-Transphobia Detection for Dravidian Languages. CEUR Workshop Proceedings.

Banerjee, S., & Nguyen, H. (2023). Dataset for identification of queerphobia. Journal of Student Research, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v12i1.4405

Bel-Enguix, G., Gómez-Adorno, H., Sierra, G., Vásquez, J., Andersen, S. T., & Ojeda-Trueba, S. (2023). Overview of HOMO-MEX at Iberlef 2023: Hate speech detection in Online Messages directed Towards the MEXican Spanish speaking LGTBQ+ population. Procesamiento del lenguaje natural, 71, 361-370.

Blanco-Fernández, V., Villegas-Simón, I., & Soto-Sanfiel, M. T. (2024). ‘I am they.’ Non-binary representation in television fiction as a manifestation of social conceptions. Journal of Homosexuality. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2024.2302424

Burn, S. M., Kadlec, K., & Rexer, R. (2005). Effects of subtle heterosexism on gays, lesbians, and bisexuals. Journal of Homosexuality, 49(2), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1300/J082v49n02_02

Burnap, P., & Williams, M. L. (2016). Us and them: Identifying cyber hate on Twitter across multiple protected characteristics. EPJ Data Science, 5(11), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1140/epjds/s13688-016-0072-6

Browne, K. & Nash, C. (2014) Resisting LGBT Rights Where “We Have Won”: Canada and Great Britain, Journal of Human Rights, 13:3, 322-336, DOI: 10.1080/14754835.2014.923754

Carvalho, P., Caled, D., Silva, C., Batista, F., & Ribeiro, R. (2023). The expression of hate speech against Afro-descendant, Roma, and LGTBQ+ communities in YouTube comments. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict.

CDDH. (2010, March 31). Recomendación CM/Rec(2010)5 del Comité de Ministros a los Estados miembros sobre las medidas para combatir la discriminación por motivos de orientación sexual o identidad de género. Comité Director de Derechos Humanos (CDDH).

CDDH. (2010, March). Recomendación CM/Rec(2010)5 del Comité de Ministros a los Estados miembros sobre las medidas para combatir la discriminación por motivos de orientación sexual o identidad de género. Comité Director de Derechos Humanos (CDDH).

Cervone, C., Augoustinos, M., & Maass, A. (2021). The language of derogation and hate: Functions, consequences, and reappropriation. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 40(1), 80-101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0261927X20967394

Chakravarthi, B. R. (2020, December). HopeEDI: A multilingual hope speech detection dataset for equality, diversity, and inclusion. In Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Computational Modeling of People’s Opinions, Personality, and Emotion’s in Social Media (pp. 41-53).

Chakravarthi, B. R. (2022a). Hope speech detection in YouTube comments. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 12(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-022-00901-z

Chakravarthi, B. R. (2022b). Multilingual hope speech detection in English and Dravidian languages. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics, 14, 389–406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-022-00341-0

Chakravarthi, B. R. (2023). Detection of homophobia and transphobia in YouTube comments. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-023-00400-0

Chakravarthi, B. R., Hande, A., Ponnusamy, R., Kumaresan, P. K., & Priyadharshini, R. (2022). How can we detect Homophobia and Transphobia? Experiments in a multilingual code-mixed setting for social media governance. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2(2), 100119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2022.100119.

Chakravarthi, B. R., Ponnusamy, R., Subramanian, M., Buitelaar, P., García-Cumbreras, M. A., Jimenez-Zafra, S. M., García-Díaz, J. A., Valencia-García, R., & Jindal, N. (2023). Overview of Second Shared Task on Homophobia and Transphobia Detection in Social Media Comments. In LT-EDI 2023 – Third Workshop on Language Technology for Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (pp. 38–46). Varna, Bulgaria. https://doi.org/10.26615/978-954-452-084-7_006

Chakravarthi, B. R., Priyadharshini, R., Ponnusamy, R., Kumaresan, P. K., Sampath, K., Thenmozhi, D., … & McCrae, J. P. (2021). Dataset for identification of homophobia and transophobia in multilingual YouTube comments. arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.00227.

Cleland, J., Magrath, R., & Kian, T. (2019). The internet as a site of decreasing cultural homophobia in association football: An online response by fans to the coming out of Thomas Hitzlsperger. Loughborough’s Research Repository. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X16663261

Colussi, J., García-Estévez, N., & Ballesteros-Aguayo, L. (2024). Polarización y odio contra la Ley Trans de España en TikTok. Revista ICONO 14. Revista científica de Comunicación y Tecnologías emergentes, 22(1), e2088-e2088.

Creutzfeldt, N., Mason, M., & McConnachie, K. (2020). Routledge Handbook of Socio-Legal Theory and Methods. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Çetınkaya, A., Dondurucu, Z.B. & Yetkın Cilizoğlu, G., ‘Instances of Hate Speech Directed toward LGBTIQ+ People on Social Media Platforms in Turkey and Measures Taken against Discrimination’ (2021), in N. Akıncılar Köseoğlu & D. Apak (Eds.) Challenging Discrimination in Different Areas: Turkey (pp. 45-80), Berlin, Bern, Bruxelles, New York, Oxford, Warszawa & Wien: Peter Lang

Dacon, J., Shomer, H., Crum-Dacon, S., & Tang, J. (2022). Detecting Harmful Online Conversational Content towards LGBTQIA+ Individuals. arXiv preprint arXiv:2207.10032.

Díaz López, J. A. (2018). Informe de delimitación conceptual en materia de delitos de odio. Observatorio Español del Racismo y la Xenofobia.

ElSherief, M., Ziems, C., Muchlinski, D., Anupindi, V., Seybolt, J., De Choudhury, M., & Yang, D. (2021). Latent hatred: A benchmark for understanding implicit hate speech. arXiv preprint arXiv:2109.05322.

Eurobarometer. Special Eurobarometer 493. Discrimination in the European Union: The Social Acceptance of LGBTI People in the EU. Brussels: European Commission (2019)

European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA). A long way to go for LGBTI equality. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union (2020)

Fábregas Santana, N., Gil D´ Avolio, W., González Tejedor, L., & Rodríguez, M. (2022). Delitos e Incidentes de Odio. Informe 2022. FELGTBI+.

Fanton, M., Bonaldi, H., Tekiroglu, S. S., & Guerini, M. (2021). Human-in-the-loop for data collection: a multi-target counter narrative dataset to fight online hate speech. arXiv preprint arXiv:2107.08720.

Felipe Castelar, A., & Quintero Aguirre, F. (2012). Performatividad y lenguaje de odio: Expresiones de la homosexualidad masculina en la ciudad de Cali. CS, 10, 207-240.

Fortuna, P., & Nunes, S. (2019). A survey on automatic detection of hate speech in text. ACM Computing Surveys, 51(4), 1–30.

FRA. (2020). A long way to go for LGBTI equality. European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights. Bietlot. https://doi.org/10.2811/17374

Franza, J., Evkoski, B., & Fišer, D. (2022). Emotion analysis in socially unacceptable discourse. Slovenščina 2.0, 10(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2022.1.1-22

Franza, J., & Fišer, D. (2019). The lexical inventory of Slovene socially unacceptable discourse on Facebook. Social Media Corpora for the Humanities (CMC-Corpora2019), 43.

Gałczyńska, A. (2023). „… chroń mnie panie od pogardy, przed nienawiścią strzeż mnie boże”. Kiedy słowa wyrażają pogardę. Respectus Philologicus, 43(48), 11-23. https://doi.org/10.15388/RESPECTUS.2023.43.48.104

García Domínguez, I. (2020). El tratamiento penal de los delitos de odio en España con la adopción de una perspectiva comparada. ANIDIP, 8, 1-27. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/anidip/a.9899

García-Baena, D., García-Cumbreras, M. A., Jiménez-Zafra, S. M., García-Díaz, J. A., & Valencia-García, R. (2023). Hope speech detection in Spanish: The LGBT case. Language Resources and Evaluation, 57, 1487-1514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10579-023-09638-3

González Natal, D., & Hernández, J. E. (2023, June). Informe discurso de Odio y Orgullo LGTBIQ+ en la conversación digital. Centro de Liderazgo a través del Conocimiento de LLYC.

Gupta, R., Desai, S., Goel, M., Bandhakavi, A., Chakraborty, T., & Akhtar, M. S. (2023). Counterspeeches up my sleeve! intent distribution learning and persistent fusion for intent-conditioned counterspeech generation. arXiv preprint arXiv:2305.13776.

Hilte, L., Markov, I., Ljubesic, N., Fiser, D., & Daelemans, W. (2023). Who are the haters? A corpus-based demographic analysis of authors of hate speech. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 6, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.202

ILGA World: Lucas Ramon Mendos, Kellyn Botha, Rafael Carrano Lelis, Enrique López de la Peña, Ilia Savelev and Daron Tan, State-Sponsored Homophobia 2020: Global Legislation Overview Update (Geneva: ILGA, December 2020).

Ishita, S. (2019) Contextualizing Hate Speech: A Study of India and Malaysia Journal of International Studies, Vol 15, 133-144. University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, School of Law Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India https://doi.org/10.32890/jis2019.15.9

Khan, A.N., Rafiq, R.I. (2023). A Preliminary Analysis of Twitter’s LGBTQ+ Discussions. In: Lossio-Ventura, J.A., Valverde-Rebaza, J., Díaz, E., Alatrista-Salas, H. (eds) Information Management and Big Data. SIMBig 2022. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1837. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35445-8_1

Knut, P. (2017). Homofobia w polskiej kulturze wizualnej jako nieodkryta reakcja na przemiany norm seksualnych w Polsce po 1989 roku. Adeptus, 9, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.11649/a.1299

Kumaresan, P. K., Ponnusamy, R., Priyadharshini, R., Buitelaar, P., & Chakravarthi, B. R. (2023). Homophobia and transphobia detection for low-resourced languages in social media comments. Natural Language Processing Journal, 5, 100041.

Ljubešić, N., Fišer, D., & Erjavec, T. (2019). The FRENK datasets of Socially Un-acceptable Discourse in Slovene and English. International Conference on Text, Speech, and Dialogue. Springer, Cham. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-27947-9_9

Locatelli, D., Damo, G., & Nozza, D. (2023, May). A cross-lingual study of homotransphobia on Twitter. In Proceedings of the First Workshop on Cross-Cultural Considerations in NLP (C3NLP) (pp. 16-24).

López, J., Fernández, T., Máñez, C. J., San Abelardo, M. Y., Gómez, J., Sánchez, F., Herrera, D., Martínez, F., Rubio, M., Gil, V., Santiago, A. M., & Gómez, M. A. (2021, December). Informe de la encuesta sobre Delitos de Odio. Oficina Nacional de Lucha contra los Delitos de Odio (ONDOD).

Love, R., & Baker, P. (2015). The hate that dare not speak its name?. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict, 3(1), 57-86. https://doi.org/10.1075/jlac.3.1.03lov

Mathew, B., Kumar, N., Ravina, Goyal, P., & Mukherjee, A. (2018). Analyzing the hate and counter speech accounts on Twitter. Social and Information Networks, 1-11. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1812.02712.pdf

Miguel, F. (2023). “Exogenia” e “tolerância”: O duplo papel da mídia impressa na institucionalização da homossexualidade no sul de Moçambique pós-colonial (1975-2007). Rev. antropol. (São Paulo, Online), 66, e193086. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/16789857.ra.2022.193086

Oliva, T. D., Antonialli, D. M., & Gomes, A. (2021). Fighting hate speech, silencing drag queens? Artificial intelligence in content moderation and risks to LGBTQ voices online. Sexuality & Culture, 25, 700–732. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-020-09790-w

Ottoni, R., Cunha, E., Magno, G., Bernardina, P., Meira Jr., W., & Almeida, V. (2018). Analyzing right-wing YouTube channels: Hate, violence and discrimination. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM Conference on Web Science (pp. 1-11). ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201081

Paulo da Silva, M., & Souza da Silva, L. (2021). Hate speech dissemination in news comments: Analysis of news about LGBT universe on Facebook cybermedia from Mato Grosso do Sul. Intercom – RBCC, 44(2), 137-155. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-5844202127

Pérez Ramírez, M., Giménez-Salinas, A., Méndez, R. C., Suárez, A., & Chiclana de la Fuente, S. (2021). Informe del estudio sobre delitos de odio. Perfil de las personas condenadas por delitos de odio a prisión y a penas y medidas alternativas a la prisión. IIPP Secretaría General de Instituciones Penitenciarias.

Raja Chakravarthi, B. (2023). Detection of homophobia and transphobia in YouTube comments. International Journal of Data Science and Analytics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41060-023-00400-0

Rivera-Martín, B., Martínez de Bartolomé Rincón, I., & López López, P. J. (2022). Discurso de odio hacia las personas LGTBIQ+ en España: Medios y audiencia social. Revista Prisma Social, 39, 213-233.

San Chan, L., & Liang, Z. (2023). Television continues to cultivate attitudes toward homosexuality, but only among politically conservative individuals and women: Evidence from U.S. General Social Survey data. International Journal of Communication, 17, 6812–6832.

Sánchez-Holgado, P., Arcila-Calderón, C., & Gomes-Barbosa, M. (2023). Hate Speech and Polarization Around the» Trans Law» in Spain. Politics and Governance, 11(2), 187-197.

Sanchez-Sanchez, A. M., Ruiz-Muñoz, D., & Sanchez-Sanchez, F. J. (2023). Mapping Homophobia and Transphobia on Social Media. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-023-00879-z

Sharma, D., Gupta, V., & Singh, V.K. (2023). Detección de homofobia y transfobia en malayalam y tamil: explorando métodos de aprendizaje profundo. In Woungang, I., Dhurandher, S.K., Pattanaik, K.K., Verma, A., & Verma, P. (Eds.), Advanced Network Technologies and Intelligent Computing. ANTIC 2022. Comunicaciones en Informática y Ciencias de la Información (vol. 1798, pp. 1-26). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28183-9_15

Silva, M. P. da, & Silva, L. S. da. (2021). Hate speech dissemination in news comments: analysis of news about LGTB universe on Facebook cybermedia from Mato Grosso do Sul. Intercom, Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Comun., 44(2), May-Aug, https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-5844202127

Silva dos Santos, A. C. (2023). Conselho de Ética e Decoro Parlamentar da Câmara dos Deputados como mecanismo de accountability contra “discursos de ódio”. Cadernos Pagu, 67, e236709.

Soto-Sanfiel, M. T., & Villegas-Simón, I. (2024). Scriptwriters’ conceptions of audience attitudes toward LGBTQ+ characters. Mass Communication and Society, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2023.2292123

Stefanita, O., & Buf, D.-M. (2021). Hate speech in social media and its effects on the LGBT community: A review of the current research. Romanian Journal of Communication and Public Relations, 23(1), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.21018/rjcpr.2021.1.315

Strand, C., & Svensson, J. (2022). Foreign norm entrepreneurs’ misinformation and disinformation narratives on LGBT+ rights in Europe. Medij. istraž., 28(2), 109-132. https://doi.org/10.22572/mi.28.2.5

Valerio, L. M. (2022). Hate messages towards the LGTBQ+ community: Instagram profiles of the Spanish press analysis during «Pride Week». Revista Latina de Comunicacion Social, 80, 363-388. DOI:10.4185/RLCS-2022-1749.

Vehovar, V., & Jontes, D. (2021). Hateful and other negative communication in online commenting environments: Content, structure and targets. Acta Informatica Pragensia, 10(3), 257-274. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.aip.165